Phytochemical profile and bioactive properties of sage ( <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> ) and thyme ( <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> ) extracts

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dc.contributor.authorKübra Aslan
dc.contributor.authorEmre Erden Kopar
dc.contributor.authorKader Kelle
dc.contributor.authorHasan Karageçili
dc.contributor.authorMustafa Abdullah Yilmaz
dc.contributor.authorOguz Cakir
dc.contributor.authorSaleh Alwasel
dc.contributor.authorIlhami Gulcin
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-28T17:36:59Z
dc.date.available2025-03-28T17:36:59Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-19
dc.departmentFakülteler, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü
dc.description.abstractWe examined the phytochemical content, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinergic, antidiabetic, and antiglaucoma properties of ethanol and water extracts from Salvia fruticosa (SF) and Thymus vulgaris (TV). Extracts were analyzed using four antioxidant assays, while the enzyme inhibition was tested against alpha-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against pan-resistant bacterial strains. LC-MS/MS identified rosmarinic acid as the major compound (27.61 and 34.35 mg/L in TV and SF, respectively). Ethanolic extracts had higher phenolic content (181.0 +/- 7.86 and 107.0 +/- 5.78 mu g GAE/mg for SF and TV, respectively). SF showed stronger metal-reducing capacity, while TV had superior radical scavenging ability, judging by the IC50 values (13.68 +/- 1.18 mu g/mL), defined as the concentration that reduces 50% of the enzyme activity. The highest inhibition was observed for hCA II (SF ethanolic extract, IC50 14.51 +/- 4.07 mu g/mL), AChE (SF aqueous extract, IC50 16.51 +/- 3.77 mu g/mL), and BChE (TV aqueous extract, IC50 10.60 +/- 4.93 mu g/mL). SF ethanolic extract inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis (11 mm at 60 mu g/mL). These findings highlight SF and TV as potential sources of natural antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, and antimicrobials for pharmaceutical and food formulations.
dc.identifier.citationAslan, K., Kopar, E. E., Kelle, K., Karageçili, H., Yilmaz, M. A., Cakir, O., ... & Gulcin, I. (2025). Phytochemical profile and bioactive properties of sage (Salvia fruticosa) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extracts. International Journal of Food Properties, 28(1), 2481148.
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/10942912.2025.2481148
dc.identifier.issn1094-2912
dc.identifier.issn1532-2386
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2025.2481148
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12604/8577
dc.identifier.volume28
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001447777800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.institutionauthorKarageçili, Hasan
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0001-6912-3998
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherInforma UK Limited
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Food Properties
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectSalvia fruticosa
dc.subjectThymus vulgaris
dc.subjectenzyme inhibition
dc.subjectantioxidant activity
dc.subjectantimicrobial activity
dc.titlePhytochemical profile and bioactive properties of sage ( <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> ) and thyme ( <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> ) extracts
dc.typejournal-article
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume28

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