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Mitigating Drought by Exogenous Potassium-mediated Improvements in Water Relation, Antioxidant Defense, Morpho-physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Black Gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
(Agricultural Research Communication Center, 2024-12-26) Muhammad Ahmad; Ejaz Ahmad Waraich; Aneeqa Munir; Saddam Hussain; Raees Ahmed; Muhammad Aamir Iqbal; Usman Zulfiqar; Khalid F. Almutairi; Zeki Erden; Çaðdaþ Can Toprak; Md Atikur Rahman; Ayman El Sabagh
Background: Globally, drought stress (DS) incidence in early development and grain-filling stages of crops like black gram has posed a serious constraint to the growth and yield of legume crops. To ensure the food and nutritional security of the rising human population, requisites developing eco-friendly, pro-farmers and cost-effective DS mitigation strategies for imparting yield sustainability to black gram. Methods: In this trial, treatments included control group entailing control (normal watering), water spray (WA, positive control), control+50 mg L-1 K2SO4, control +100 mg L-1 K2SO4, control +150 mg L-1 K2SO4, while drought treatment included drought stress (plant exposed to 15-20% by suspending water supply), water spray (WA, positive control), drought +50 mg L-1 K2SO4, drought +100 mg L-1 K2SO4 and drought +150 mg L-1 K2SO4. Result: The results exhibited that the DS seriously declined plant growth, relative water content and water potential by 24.2% and 39.3%, respectively, inducing higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration that reduced cell membrane stability, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, than the control. However, the foliar applied K significantly improved plant growth, plant water status, gas exchange and photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity. Exogenous application of K further reduced lipid peroxidation, cell membrane injury and hydrogen peroxide by 12.7, 17.6 and 8.70%, respectively.
Phytochemical profile and bioactive properties of sage ( Salvia fruticosa ) and thyme ( Thymus vulgaris ) extracts
(Informa UK Limited, 2025-03-19) Kübra Aslan; Emre Erden Kopar; Kader Kelle; Hasan Karageçili; Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz; Oguz Cakir; Saleh Alwasel; Ilhami Gulcin
We examined the phytochemical content, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinergic, antidiabetic, and antiglaucoma properties of ethanol and water extracts from Salvia fruticosa (SF) and Thymus vulgaris (TV). Extracts were analyzed using four antioxidant assays, while the enzyme inhibition was tested against alpha-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against pan-resistant bacterial strains. LC-MS/MS identified rosmarinic acid as the major compound (27.61 and 34.35 mg/L in TV and SF, respectively). Ethanolic extracts had higher phenolic content (181.0 +/- 7.86 and 107.0 +/- 5.78 mu g GAE/mg for SF and TV, respectively). SF showed stronger metal-reducing capacity, while TV had superior radical scavenging ability, judging by the IC50 values (13.68 +/- 1.18 mu g/mL), defined as the concentration that reduces 50% of the enzyme activity. The highest inhibition was observed for hCA II (SF ethanolic extract, IC50 14.51 +/- 4.07 mu g/mL), AChE (SF aqueous extract, IC50 16.51 +/- 3.77 mu g/mL), and BChE (TV aqueous extract, IC50 10.60 +/- 4.93 mu g/mL). SF ethanolic extract inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis (11 mm at 60 mu g/mL). These findings highlight SF and TV as potential sources of natural antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, and antimicrobials for pharmaceutical and food formulations.
Modeling and analyzing the dynamics of brucellosis disease with vaccination in the fractional derivative under real cases
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-03-21) Bashir Al-Hdaibat; Muhammad Altaf Khan; Irfan Ahmad; Ebraheem Alzahrani; Ali Akgul
The present explores the brucellosis model in non-integer derivative by utilizing the real statistics from the mainland China. The formulation of the model first presented in integer order derivative and subsequently extended to fractional order using the Caputo derivative. The existence and uniqueness of the nonlinear fractional system is confirmed, which is the important requirement for a fractional nonlinear model. The local asymptotical stability of the fractional model when R-0 < 1 is analyzed. When R-0 <= 1, the model is found globally asymptotically stable. The existence of an endemic equilibria is given and found that the model has a unique endemic equilibrium. Using the reported cases of brucellosis in mainland China from 2004 to 2018 are considered. Graphical results for data fitting in cumulative and daily wise are presented with their respective residuals. The basic reproduction number is obtained from data fitting is R-0 = 1.0327. A numerical scheme for the Caputo case is provided in detailed and later the scheme was used to obtain the numerical results graphically. Various results regarding the disease curtail are presented graphically, that will be helpful for the disease elimination in the long run. The public health authority and the health agencies can utilize this work confidently for brucellosis control in mainland China.
Evaluation of Hydraulic and Irrigation Performances of Drip Systems in Nectarine Orchards (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) in The Mediterranean Region
(MDPI AG, 2025-03-05) Alper; Yeşim Bozkurt Çolak; Cenk Küçükyumuk; Burak Dalkılıç
This study focused on evaluating the performance of the drip irrigation systems installed in 18 different nectarines (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) orchards in the Tarsus Plain in the Mediterranean region from 2017 through 2018. The performance of the drip systems was evaluated based on parameters like average emitter discharge (Qavg), Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU), distribution uniformity (DU), emission uniformity (EU), and system application efficiency (Ea). The results indicated that the CU varied between 81 and 98%; DU changed from 82 to 97%; EU 61-92%; absolute emission uniformity (EUa) ranged between 93 and 98%; statistical uniformity (Us) changed from 85 to 97%; application efficiency of low-quarter (AELQ) varied between 45 and 97%; potential application efficiency of low-quarter (PELQ) ranged between 55 and 83%; system application efficiency (Ea) changed from 56 to 96%; storage efficiency (Es) fluctuated between 45 and 97%; and pressure variation (Pv) 17-81% and emitter flow variations (qv) of 2-36% were determined. Although the CU, DU, and EU values were acceptable, the variations in emitter flow rates and pressures were not acceptable. The results revealed that the lower performances might be attributed to physical clogging and/or lack of system design and application practices by the farmers. It is recommended that the farmers receive appropriate training on the operation and management of drip irrigation systems.
Unlocking the Potential of Technology in Nursing Skills Education: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(Ataturk Universitesi, 2025-03-07) Zehra Göçmen Baykara; Nurcan Çalışkan; Deniz Ozturk; Ayişe Karadağ; Evrim Sarıtaş; Gulcan Eyuboglu; Sinan Aydoğan; Nevin Doğan; Ceyda Su Gündüz
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of illustrated checklists and web-access videos on nursing students' basic nursing knowledge levels and psychomotor skills. Methods: This single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 205 first-year nursing students registered in a Fundamentals of Nursing course. The students were stratified by gender and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups using simple randomization. All students participated in theoretical lectures, demonstrations, and laboratory practices. The Intervention Group's laboratory practices were supported by illustrated checklists and web-access skill videos. Results: The intervention group's objective structured clinical exams and knowledge test scores were significantly higher than the control group's (P < .05). In total, 95.4% of the students stated that watching videos facilitated learning. Conclusion: The study found that illustrated checklists and web-accessible skill videos improved students' knowledge and skills and that the skill videos facilitated learning, increased motivation, and enhanced clinical preparation. The widespread use of illustrated checklists and web-access skill videos in nursing skills education is suggested.
A Comparative Study of Various Transfer Learning Models on Skin Cancer Confirmation Methods
(Pensoft Publishers, 2025-02-28) Mehmet Ali Altuncu; Kaplan Kaplan; Melih Kuncan
Skin cancer confirmation is critical in determining a patient's treatment planning process after diagnosis. A proper confirmation process enables the determination of the type, stage, and other characteristics of skin cancer, helping to plan the appropriate treatment. These methods prevent the progression of the disease, thereby contributing to a better response to treatment and improving the patient's quality of life. Dermoscopic images are commonly used to confirm skin cancer types. To obtain meaningful results from these images, researchers often apply artificial intelligence techniques in such studies. Specifically, transfer learning models have been commonly used to enhance the features of these images due to the limited availability of medical image data and the difficulty in extracting meaningful information from such data. While most studies focus on classifying skin cancer types, this research aims to classify skin cancer were used for this purpose. The dataset includes four different confirmation methods: confocal, consensus, follow-up, and histopathology. Four distinct transfer learning models-Resnet-50, Resnet-101, VGG19, and InceptionResnetV2-were utilized. Additionally, ensemble learning was conducted based on the results of these models using the maximum voting approach. The highest success rate was achieved with Resnet-101 at 96.04%. Considering the comparative results, the accuracy of our promising model proved to be significantly high.
Subdivision collocation method: a new numerical technique for solving hyperbolic partial differential equation in non-uniform medium
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-03-12) Safia Malik; Syeda Tehmina Ejaz; Ali Akgül
This paper deals with a new numerical technique for solving the second order linear homogeneous and inhomogeneous hyperbolic partial differential equation with variable and constant coefficients. In this technique, the time derivative is described using a finite difference technique, while the collocation method based on subdivision scheme is used to interpose the space dimension. The convergence and error estimation of the proposed technique along with comparison have been presented in this paper. In terms of computational efficiency, our technique yields a solution that is identical to existing works. Furthermore, the applicability and effectiveness of proposed technique are illustrated with numerical examples.
Online Education on Sustainable Nutrition Affects Women's Sustainable Eating Behavior and Anthropometric Measures
(Wiley, 2025-03-12) Gülsüm Şahin‐Bodur; Esra Tunçer; Emre Duman; Selen Yilmaz; Alev Keser
Objective: To determine the effect of online sustainable nutrition education (SNE) on sustainable eating behaviors and anthropometric measurements in women. Design: In the research, a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used for groups that were subjected to two different trainings. Sample: In the education group, 34 and in the control group, 51 women that between the ages of 19-50 years from six Women's Education and Culture Centers of Ankara Altındağ Municipality. Intervention: After the pretest, the Healthy Nutrition Education (HNE) group received one session of education on "healthy eating" in the second week of the study, while the SNE group received one session of education on "healthy eating" in the second week and "sustainable nutrition" in the third and fourth weeks. Participants were given SNE and its effectiveness was evaluated after 10 weeks. Results: At the end of 10 weeks, body fat percentage decreased significantly from 35.0 ± 6.7 to 33.7 ± 6.8 in the SNE group (p = 0.007). In addition, muscle mass (kg) increased significantly from 43.4[6] to 44.7[5.2] in the SNE group (p = 0.001). When covariance analysis was performed by correcting for body mass index, the group factor had an effect on body fat percentage and muscle mass (p = 0.035 and p = 0.007, respectively). After 10 weeks, the SNE group had a higher Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors Scale mean score (p = 0.013), seasonal foods and avoiding food waste (p = 0.044), animal health (p = 0.003), reducing meat consumption (p = 0.022), healthy and balanced nutrition (p = 0.031), and low fat (p < 0.001) scores compared to HNE group. Conclusions: The dissemination of structured nutrition education for women is important for individuals and, thus, society to acquire and maintain positive eating practices that have an impact on physical health.
The Role of Energy Homeostasis-Associated Gene Expression and Serum Adropin Levels in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever
(MDPI AG, 2025-03-06) Durkadin Demir Eksi; Gulay Gulbol Duran; Muhammet Murat Celik; Yunus Emre Eksi; Ramazan Gunesacar
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a genetic autoinflammatory disease primarily affecting populations in the Mediterranean region. The pathogenesis of FMF and the roles of various molecules remain unclear. Adropin, a protein encoded by the Energy Homeostasis-Associated Gene (ENHO), is involved in energy metabolism and inflammation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between ENHO expression, Adropin levels, and FMF, examining their correlations with disease characteristics. This study included 30 patients clinically diagnosed with FMF and 35 healthy controls. The ENHO expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed using a qRT-PCR, and the serum Adropin levels were measured via ELISA. The ENHO expression was significantly elevated in the FMF patients compared to the controls (p = 0.0007), while no significant differences were observed in the serum Adropin levels between the groups (p = 0.81). A correlation analysis revealed a negative association between the ENHO expression and age (r = -0.47, p = 0.009), whereas the serum Adropin levels were positively correlated with age, disease onset, and diagnostic delay (p < 0.05). No significant associations were found between the ENHO expression and Adropin levels or FMF clinical features. These findings suggest that increased ENHO expression may play a role in FMF pathophysiology, potentially as a compensatory mechanism. The correlation between Adropin levels and disease onset indicates a potential protective role. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
A Hybrid System of Horizontal and Horizontal–Vertical Transmissions via the Concept of Piecewise Differential Equations
(Wiley, 2025-03) Maroua Amel Boubekeur; Salah Boulaaras; Seda Igret Araz
This study examines the practical applications of piecewise differential equations, a powerful mathematical tool for modeling processes that occur over different time intervals, with a specific emphasis on horizontal-vertical models. This innovative approach seeks to offer a new insight into HIV infection models, focusing on both horizontal and vertical transmission routes when an infected newborn is introduced into a population. Alongside the global existence theory for piecewise models, we investigate the conditions under which solutions exist and are unique. We examine the scenarios where these new models involve fractional derivatives and analyze various patterns that emerge from their use. To facilitate this, we present the derivation of the parameterized method to solve piecewise differential equations for vertical and horizontal transmissions. Also, our study includes conducting numerical simulations to visually illustrate the different behaviors exhibited by these two models across various scenarios.
Immunohistochemical Distribution of Heat Shock Proteins 27, 60, 70 and 90 in the Placenta of Goats in the Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy
(Wiley, 2025-02-27) Banu Kandil
Determining the immunoexpression of HSPs in the placenta may contribute to the understanding of pregnancy physiology and immunotolerance mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the distribution of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 in the placenta of goats. Tissue samples were taken from the placentomal and interplacentomal regions of the pregnant uterus of 12 goats, comprising 6 s and 6 third trimesters. Following routine histological procedures, immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue sections. In the interplacentomal region, HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 in luminal and glandular epithelial, stromal and smooth muscle cells did not show differences between the second and third trimesters (p > 0.05). In the placentomal region, HSP27 and HSP60 in syncytial plaques and HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 in maternal stromal cells did not change as the pregnancy progressed (p > 0.05). There was no difference in HSP27, HSP60 and HSP90 in fetal stromal cells between the second and third trimesters (p > 0.05). HSP27 and HSP90 were positive in both trophoblast cells, HSP60 was positive in binucleate trophoblast cells, and HSP70 was positive in mononucleate trophoblast cells. In the third trimester compared with the second trimester, HSP27 was decreased (p < 0.05), while HSP90 in mononucleate and binucleate trophoblast cells did not show a difference (p > 0.05). HSP70 did not change in mononucleate trophoblast cells (p > 0.05), but HSP60 was increased in binucleate trophoblast cells (p < 0.05) as the pregnancy progressed. In conclusion, this study showed that HSPs had similar immunoexpression patterns in the interplacentomal region but different immunoexpression patterns in the placentomal region of the goat placenta
Dynamical Behaviors of a Fractional-Order Predator-Prey Model: Insights Into Multiple Predators Competing for a Single Prey
(World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, 2025-02-17) HASAN S. PANIGORO; EMLI RAHMI; EBENEZER BONYAH; ALI AKGÜL; SAYOOJ ABY JOSE
In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behaviors of a modified Bazykin-type two predator-one prey model involving the intra-specific and inter-specific competition among predators. A Caputo fractional-order derivative is utilized to include the influence of the memory on the constructed mathematical model. The mathematical validity is ensured by showing the model always has a unique, non-negative and bounded solution. Four kinds of equilibria are well identified which represent the condition when all populations are extinct, both two predators are extinct, only the first predator is extinct, only the second predator is extinct, and all populations are extinct. The Matignon condition is given to identify the dynamics around equilibrium points. The Lyapunov direct method, the Lyapunov function, and the generalized LaSalle invariant principle are also provided to show the global stability condition of the model. To explore the dynamics of the model more deeply, we utilize the predictor–corrector numerical scheme. Numerically, we find the forward bifurcation and the bistability conditions by showing the bifurcation diagram, phase portraits, and the time series. The biological interpretation of the analytical and numerical results is described explicitly when an interesting phenomenon occurs.
Interpretable Artificial Intelligence for Analysing Changes in Gases in the Uterine Environment of Cows According to Physiological Structures in the Ovary
(Wiley, 2025-02-19) Ali Risvanli; Burak Tanyeri; Güngör Yildirim; Yetkin Tatar; Mehmet Gedikpinar; Hakan Kalender; Tarik Safak; Burak Yuksel; Burcu Karagulle; Oznur Yilmaz Koç; Cebrail Barut; Mehmet Akif Kilinc
The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between the gases in a cow's uterine environment and its ovarian physiological structures using the sunflower optimisation algorithm (SFOA) deployed in a device called Metrisör, developed by our project team. A total of 500 uteruses obtained from slaughtered cows served as the experimental sample. Gas measurements were taken from 489 uteruses with no clinical metritis or microbiological growth. Additionally, the diameters of the corpus luteum and follicles in the ovaries were measured using callipers. These results were then analysed based on the presence or absence of a corpus luteum (CL) and follicles larger or smaller than 1.5 cm. According to uterine gas fluctuations, the presence and absence of CL could be detected at rates of 80.60% and 79.60%, respectively. Also, based on uterine gas changes, the presence of ovarian follicles larger than 1.5 cm was determined 82% of the time, and the presence of follicles smaller than 1.5 cm was determined 80% of the time. In conclusion, it was found that different stages of a cow's sexual cycle might involve changes in uterine gases. Thus, the data from this study may enable the development of a new estrus detection method for cows.
Stable electrode material for use in supercapacitor with iodine doping after sulfonation of mesoporous activated carbon particles based on microalgae biomass
(2025-01-01) Levent, Abdulkadir; Saka, Cafer
Developing appropriate electrode materials is crucial for achieving supercapacitors with high power output and extended cycle life. Among these, biomass-derived carbon electrodes hold a prominent position in supercapacitor applications. However, these electrodes need to be modified by appropriate methods to increase their performance. In this study, sulphur and iodine heteroatom functionalization was performed using a hydrothermal method on activated carbon (SPAC) derived from a microalgae precursor through potassium hydroxide activation, resulting in iodine- and sulphur-doped SPAC (iodine@S-doped SPAC). Characterization was carried out with Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analyses. The electrochemical properties of the resulting composite material as a supercapacitor were examined. A specific capacitance of 208.95 F/g was achieved with the iodine@S-doped SPAC supercapacitor. The maximum energy density and power density of the supercapacitor, derived from the iodine@S-doped SPAC sample, were calculated as 5.11 Wh/kg and 2000 W/kg, respectively. Additionally, the coulombic efficiency of this supercapacitor was calculated to be 87.57% at a current density of 0.06 A/g. It also exhibited a capacity retention of up to 89.72% over 1000 cycles.
Laparoscopic Duodenojejunostomy for the Treatment of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: Analysis of 91 Patients
(2025-01-01) Yetişir, Fahri; Çelik, Muhammet Emin; Taşkın, Yunus Emre; Özdemir, Oguzhan; Kurt, Ömer; Tiken, Ramazan; Yüksel, Osman
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare condition caused by the compression of the third portion of the duodenum between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy has emerged as a safe and effective surgical treatment, particularly when conservative measures fail. We analyzed the clinical and surgical outcomes of 91 patients who underwent laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy for SMAS between February 2016 and July 2023. Preoperative clinical characteristics, surgical data, postoperative symptom improvement rates, and weight regain were evaluated. Diagnosis was confirmed through computed tomographic angiography (CTA), demonstrating an aortomesenteric angle < 20° and distance < 10 mm. Conservative treatment was initially applied in all cases prior to surgical intervention. Among the 91 patients, 58.2% were female, and the mean age was 29.2 SD 11 years. All surgeries were completed laparoscopically with no intraoperative complications. After an average follow-up of 42.5 SD 26.7 months, 93.4% of patients showed significant symptom improvement, with a mean postoperative weight gain of 4.5 SD 2.5 kg. Postoperative complications included delayed gastric emptying in 8 patients (resolved conservatively) and low-output chylous fistulas in 4 patients (resolved spontaneously). There was no mortality. Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy is a safe and effective treatment for SMAS, offering high success rates and minimal complications. While this study highlights the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach and standardized surgical techniques, further prospective studies are needed to optimize management protocols for this rare condition.
Predicting Mechanical Properties of FDM‐Produced Parts Using Machine Learning Approaches
(Wiley, 2025-02-23) Mahmut Özkül; Fatma Kuncan; Osman Ulkir
Additive manufacturing (AM), especially fused deposition modeling (FDM), has been widely used in industrial production processes in recent years. The mechanical properties of parts produced by FDM can be predicted through the correct selection of printing parameters. In this study, 25 machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to predict the mechanical properties (hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, and surface roughness) of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) samples fabricated by FDM. Experiments were conducted using three different layer thicknesses (100, 150, 200 μm), infill densities (50%, 75%, 100%), and nozzle temperatures (220°C, 230°C, 240°C). The effects of printing parameters on mechanical properties were investigated through analysis of variance (ANOVA). This analysis results indicated that infill density had the most significant effect on hardness (55.56%), tensile strength (80.02%), and flexural strength (77.13%). In addition, the layer thickness was identified as the most influential parameter on the surface roughness, with an effect of 70.89%. The prediction performance of the ML algorithms was evaluated based on the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error, mean squared error, and R-squared (R2) values. The KSTAR algorithm best predicted both hardness and surface roughness, with MAE values of 0.006 and 0.009, respectively, and an R2 value of up to 0.99. For the prediction of tensile and flexural strength, the MLP algorithm was determined to be the most successful method, achieving high accuracy (R2 > 0.99) for both properties. In addition, comparison graphs between the predicted and actual results showed high overall accuracy, with a particularly strong agreement for hardness, tensile strength, and surface roughness. The study identified the algorithms with the best prediction performance and provided recommendations for predicting the 3D printing process based on these findings.
Dynamical analysis of fractional hepatitis B model with Gaussian uncertainties using extended residual power series algorithm
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-03-07) Qursam Fatima; Mubashir Qayyum; Murad Khan Hassani; Ali Akgül
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a significant global health concern, causing acute and chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This manuscript extends existing mathematical models for HBV by introducing a treatment compartment to improve understanding, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. A stability analysis is conducted for disease-free equilibrium and to address the inherent uncertainties in parameter values, Gaussian fuzzy numbers are incorporated, resulting in a more realistic predictive framework. For solution purposes, the extended residual power series algorithm, which combines the Taylor series with a residual function and an integral transform, is applied. The accuracy of the obtained solutions is assessed by calculating the associated errors. The robustness of the model is further evaluated using r-cut values for lower and upper bounds.A graphical analysis is also performed to examine the influence of different parameters on the solution profiles, enhancing the understanding of disease dynamics. The analysis reveals that the proposed methodology effectively explains the dynamics of epidemic systems and provides new perspectives with potential applications in biology, engineering, and medicine.
Sexual Dimorphism of Foetal Sheep Skulls During the Second and Third Periods of Pregnancy.
(2025-03) Güzel, Barış Can; Işbilir, Fatma
The skull is a very important structure, and it is the centre of many vital functions. There have been many studies on the skulls of mammals, but not many studies on the prenatal period. The aim of this study is to examine developmental sheep foetal skulls from the last two trimesters of pregnancy. A total of 40 sheep foetuses, 20 in the 2nd trimester (10 females and 10 males) and 20 in the 3rd trimester (10 females and 10 males), were examined. On the basis of CT scans of foetal skulls, morphometric measurements were performed by creating a three-dimensional (3D) model. Total skull length was statistically significant between males and females in the third trimester (p < 0.01). In the second trimester, the tooth length parameter was statistically significant between males and females (p < 0.01). In the second trimester, M3 was found to be statistically significant in the sheep foetus mandible (p < 0.01). It was determined that there was developmental sexual dimorphism between males and females.
The performance evolution of Xue and Yamada-Ota models for local thermal non equilibrium effects on 3D radiative casson trihybrid nanofluid
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-03-01) Ahmed M. Galal; Ali Akgül; Sahar Ahmed Idris; Shoira Formanova; Talib K. Ibrahim; Murad Khan Hassani; Abdullah A. Faqihi; Munawar Abbas; Ibrahim Mahariq
The proposed study investigates the characteristics of Stefan blowing and activation energy on MHD Casson Diamond-[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]based trihybrid nanofluid over a sheet with LTNECs (local thermal non-equilibrium conditions) and permeable medium. The significance of Marangoni convection as well as heat generation are considered. In order to examine the properties of heat transmission in the absence of local thermal equilibrium conditions, this paper makes use of a simple mathematical model. Local thermal non-equilibrium situations typically result in two discrete and crucial temperature gradients in both the liquid and solid phases. In systems where material qualities and heat transfer efficiency are crucial, the utilization of Xue model and Yamada-Ota model and to assess the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid adds a comparison dimension and enables optimized design. The controlling partial differential equations are reduced to non-linear ordinary differential equations using an appropriate similarity transformation. The Bvp4c technique is used to resolve the resulting equations numerically. Applications in modern thermal management systems, especially those requiring precise heat transfer control (e.g., electronic cooling, medicinal devices, energy systems), will benefit greatly from this work. The model is especially applicable to processes where chemical reactions and internal heat sources are important, like in catalytic reactors and combustion systems, because it takes into account activation energy and heat generating effects. The findings indicate that when the value of the interphase heat transmission factor increases, the solid phase's temperature profile and liquid phase heat transfer rate drop.
3D Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Calcaneal Morphology in Domestic Caprinae: Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goat (Capra hircus)
(MDPI AG, 2025-02-14) Barış Can Güzel; Tomasz Szara; Burak Ünal; Sokol Duro; Fatma İşbilir; Funda Yiğit; Mihaela-Claudia Spataru; Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk; Ozan Gündemir
The calcaneus plays a critical role in balance, locomotion, and muscle attachment, making it a key structure for biomechanical adaptations. This study examined interspecies differences between sheep and goats, as well as intraspecies variations among different sheep breeds, in calcaneus morphology. A total of 128 right calcanei were analyzed using 3D geometric morphometric methods to allow detailed assessments of calcaneus shape and size. Among sheep, the Hamdani sheep displayed the largest calcaneus among the breeds, distinguishing them significantly from the others. In contrast, goats had a bilaterally narrower calcaneal body, while sheep featured a more pronounced distal portion that articulates with the talus and a deeper articular surface. Additionally, the sustentaculum tali were more developed in sheep. The bilaterally compressed calcaneal body in goats likely reflects their agility and ability to navigate steep, rocky terrains. In contrast, sheep's broader and more robust calcaneus may support their grazing lifestyle on flatter terrains, emphasizing their stability and weight-bearing capacity. These findings highlight the functional significance of calcaneal morphology in the locomotor strategies and physical capabilities of goats and sheep, providing valuable insights for comparative anatomy and veterinary science.

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