Solar-hydrogen coupling hybrid systems for green energy

Abstract

Green hydrogen production coupled with solar energy became a universal concept to provide more efficient energy caring for the environment within the 2030 sustainable development goals target. The green energy concept provides energy systems without negative impact on the environment, economy, and society. At this point, hydrogen became a suitable energy and energy carrier for the green to green (G2G) concept, which evaluates green resources and green systems together. Producing hydrogen energy using solar radiation lowers greenhouse emissions. It allows people to participate in environmental improvements actively, makes the energy supplied cycles more sustainable, and protects the right to life of future generations. Solar energy is a primer source that can be directly adapted to provide steady power for the G2G system. Nowadays, recent trends on fuel cell, electrolyzer, and photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical technology within solar energy systems as a hybrid combination have a critical approach to realize G2G systems based on hydrogen and solar energy. This chapter focuses on G2G system, the combination of solar energy – hydrogen, fundamentals on electrolysis, photovoltaic panel, fuel cell, and electrolyzer or their hybrid combinations used for green hydrogen production from solar energy; also, thermochemical, photobiological, and photoelectrochemical production methods have been briefly introduced compared and outlined the future remarks.