Şirketlerin insan haklarına saygı gösterme sorumluluğu
[ X ]
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Türk-Alman Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bağlayıcı hukuk normları ve yaptırımları incelendiğinde uluslararası hukukun birincil aktöru?nu?n halen devletler olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Bununla birlikte özellikle 1970 sonrası neoliberal ekonomik politikalar sonucu hızla bu?yu?yerek ulus ötesi yayılım sergileyen çok uluslu şirketler uzun zamandır ekonomik bakımdan birçok u?lke ile rekabet edebilecek gu?çtedir ve gu?nu?mu?zde bu rekabetin toplumsal olarak da önem arz ettiği söylenebilecektir. Sahip olduğu gu?ç kapsamında insan haklarını tehdit eden şirketlerin bu konuya ilişkin sorumluluklarının belirlenmesi ihtiyacından dolayı uluslararası örgu?tler tarafından bir dizi kılavuzlar yayınlanarak iş du?nyası ve insan hakları ilişkisinin çerçevesi çizilmiştir. Bu uluslararası belgeler, şirketlerin özen yu?ku?mlu?lu?ğu? kapsamında insan hakları durum tespiti su?reci yu?ru?tu?lmesi ve olumsuz etkilerin önlemesi veya azaltması amacıyla etki gu?cu? kullanılması gibi yeni kavramlara yer vermesi bakımından önem arz etmektedir ancak nihayetinde birer yumuşak hukuk kuralı olarak şirketlerin sebep olduğu insan hakları ihlallerinin önlenmesi ve telafisi konusunda tek başlarına yetersiz kalacaklarını belirtmek isteriz. Yakın geçmişte meydana gelen endu?striyel ve çevresel felaketler ile ku?resel ekonomik ve sağlık krizlerinin ortaya çıkardığı tablo şirketlerin gönu?llu?lu?k esasına dayanan davranışlarının insan hakları ihlallerini azaltmakta etkili olamadığını ortaya koymuştur. Bunun farkına varan u?lkeler, şirketlerin tedarik zincirinde yer alan insan hakları meselelerini ele almasını zorunlu kılacak du?zenlemeleri kabul etmişlerdir. Avrupa Birliği'nde birçok u?ye devlet mevzuatında bu yönde değişiklikler gerçekleştirmiş olup çok yakın tarihli direktif uyarınca önu?mu?zdeki dönemde tu?m u?ye devletlerin şirketlerin hesap verebilirliğine yönelik bağlayıcı kuralları yasalaştırması gerekmektedir. Hiç şu?phesiz bu yasalar yalnızca yu?ru?rlu?kte olduğu u?lkeyi değil ticari ilişkilerin bulunduğu tu?m u?lkeleri etkileyecektir. İşbu çalışmada, sosyal alandan sıyrılarak hukuki bir zemine oturtulmaya çalışılan şirketlerin insan hakları alanındaki sorumlulukları ele alınmıştır.
When binding legal norms and penalties are analyzed, it is observed that states are still the primary actors in international law. However, as a result of neoliberal economic policies, particularly after 1970, multinational corporations that have rapidly grown and expanded transnationally have long been economically capable of competing with many countries, and it can be said that this competition is also socially significant today. Due to the need to determine the responsibilities of companies that threaten human rights within the scope of their power, a series of guidelines have been published by international organizations to outline the framework of the relationship between business and human rights. These international instruments are remarkable as they introduce new concepts such as conducting human rights due diligence processes and using leverage to prevent or mitigate adverse impacts on human rights within the scope of corporations' duty of care. However, it should be noted that, as soft law rules, they will be insufficient on their own to prevent and remedy human rights violations caused by companies. The recent industrial and environmental disasters, which have led to severe consequences, global economic and health crises, and their impacts, have shown that corporations' ethical and social responsibilities based on voluntarism are ineffective in reducing human rights violations. Recognizing this, many countries have adopted regulations that require companies to address human rights issues within their supply chains. In the European Union, many member states have amended their legislation in this direction, and according to a very recent EU directive, all member states will be required to adopt binding rules on corporate accountability in the coming period. Undoubtedly, these regulations will have an impact not only in the country where they are enforced but also in all countries where commercial relations exist. This study addresses the responsibilities of corporations on human rights, which are attempted to be shifted from the social sphere and be grounded on a legal basis.
When binding legal norms and penalties are analyzed, it is observed that states are still the primary actors in international law. However, as a result of neoliberal economic policies, particularly after 1970, multinational corporations that have rapidly grown and expanded transnationally have long been economically capable of competing with many countries, and it can be said that this competition is also socially significant today. Due to the need to determine the responsibilities of companies that threaten human rights within the scope of their power, a series of guidelines have been published by international organizations to outline the framework of the relationship between business and human rights. These international instruments are remarkable as they introduce new concepts such as conducting human rights due diligence processes and using leverage to prevent or mitigate adverse impacts on human rights within the scope of corporations' duty of care. However, it should be noted that, as soft law rules, they will be insufficient on their own to prevent and remedy human rights violations caused by companies. The recent industrial and environmental disasters, which have led to severe consequences, global economic and health crises, and their impacts, have shown that corporations' ethical and social responsibilities based on voluntarism are ineffective in reducing human rights violations. Recognizing this, many countries have adopted regulations that require companies to address human rights issues within their supply chains. In the European Union, many member states have amended their legislation in this direction, and according to a very recent EU directive, all member states will be required to adopt binding rules on corporate accountability in the coming period. Undoubtedly, these regulations will have an impact not only in the country where they are enforced but also in all countries where commercial relations exist. This study addresses the responsibilities of corporations on human rights, which are attempted to be shifted from the social sphere and be grounded on a legal basis.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hukuk, Law
