9.11 - Environmental Issues and Social Issues With Renewable Energy
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A brief account of possible environmental and social impacts of mature renewable energy technologies is presented in terms of benefits and disadvantages/intrusive effects, keeping in perspective the greater environmental impact of the present fossil-based energy system and the potential further impact of climate change.; The technologies covered include solar energy (thermal and photovoltaic) and its derivatives (bioenergy, hydropower, wind and wave energies) and the others (tidal energy and geothermal energy). They are mostly considered from the point of view of electricity generation in anticipation of transmission opportunity via grid connections, producing a “mix,” and powering the existing stock of electrical appliances, machinery, and transportation vehicles. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.