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    Classification of breast cancer histopathological images using DenseNet and transfer learning
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2022) Wakili, Musa Adamu; Shehu, Harisu Abdullahi; Sharif, Md. Haidar; Sharif, Md. Haris Uddin; Umar, Abubakar; Kusetoğulları, Hüseyin; İnce, İbrahim Furkan; Uyaver, Şahin
    Breast cancer is one of the most common invading cancers in women. Analyzing breast cancer is nontrivial and may lead to disagreements among experts. Although deep learning methods achieved an excellent performance in classification tasks including breast cancer histopathological images, the existing state-of-the-art methods are computationally expensive and may overfit due to extracting features from in-distribution images. In this paper, our contribution is mainly twofold. First, we perform a short survey on deep-learning-based models for classifying histopathological images to investigate the most popular and optimized training-testing ratios. Our findings reveal that the most popular training-testing ratio for histopathological image classification is 70%: 30%, whereas the best performance (e.g., accuracy) is achieved by using the training-testing ratio of 80%: 20% on an identical dataset. Second, we propose a method named DenTnet to classify breast cancer histopathological images chiefly. DenTnet utilizes the principle of transfer learning to solve the problem of extracting features from the same distribution using DenseNet as a backbone model. The proposed DenTnet method is shown to be superior in comparison to a number of leading deep learning methods in terms of detection accuracy (up to 99.28% on BreaKHis dataset deeming training-testing ratio of 80%: 20%) with good generalization ability and computational speed. The limitation of existing methods including the requirement of high computation and utilization of the same feature distribution is mitigated by dint of the DenTnet.
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    Deep sentiment analysis: a case study on stemmed Turkish Twitter data
    (IEEE, 2021) Shehu, Harisu Abdullahi; Sharif, Md. Haidar; Sharif, Md. Haris Uddin; Datta, Ripon; Tokat, Sezai; Uyaver, Şahin; Kusetoğulları, Hüseyin; Ramadan, Rabie A.
    Sentiment analysis using stemmed Twitter data from various languages is an emerging research topic. In this paper, we address three data augmentation techniques namely Shift, Shuffle, and Hybrid to increase the size of the training data; and then we use three key types of deep learning (DL) models namely recurrent neural network (RNN), convolution neural network (CNN), and hierarchical attention network (HAN) to classify the stemmed Turkish Twitter data for sentiment analysis. The performance of these DL models has been compared with the existing traditional machine learning (TML) models. The performance of TML models has been affected negatively by the stemmed data, but the performance of DL models has been improved greatly with the utilization of the augmentation techniques. Based on the simulation, experimental, and statistical results analysis deeming identical datasets, it has been concluded that the TML models outperform the DL models with respect to both training-time (TTM) and runtime (RTM) complexities of the algorithms; but the DL models outperform the TML models with respect to the most important performance factors as well as the average performance rankings.
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    Sentiment Analysis of Turkish Twitter Data
    (Amer Inst Physics, 2019) Shehu, Harisu Abdullahi; Tokat, Sezai; Sharif, Md. Haidar; Uyaver, Sahin
    In this paper, we present a mechanism to predict the sentiment on Turkish tweets by adopting two methods based on polarity lexicon (PL) and artificial intelligence (AI). The method of PL introduces a dictionary of words and matches the words to those in the harvested tweets. The tweets are then classified to be either positive, negative, or neutral based on the result found after matching them to the words in the dictionary. The method of AI uses support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) classifiers to classify the tweets as either positive, negative or neutral. Experimental results show that SVM performs better on stemmed data by achieving an accuracy of 76%, whereas RF performs better on raw data with an accuracy of 88%. The performance of PL method increases continuously from 45% to 57% as data are being modified from a raw data to a stemmed data.