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Öğe Determination of amino acids and other clinically significant molecules at surfactant-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors(Elsevier, 2024) Ghobadloo, Parvin Abedi; Keles, Gulsu; Yarman, Aysu; Hamidi, Samin; Kurbanoglu, SevincSurfactants (surface-active agents) are substances that, when used in very small amounts, significantly reduce the surface tension of water. Surfactants are usually organic compounds with hydrophobic groups (water repellent) that play the tail and hydrophilic groups (water absorbent) that play the role of head, so they dissolve in organic solvents and water according to their molecular structure. They can be classified as anionic, cationic, amphoteric, and nonionic. Amino acids are the primary building blocks of proteins, and extensive research has been dedicated to amino acids and biologically important compounds. Many methods have been developed for detecting amino acids and biologically important compounds based on high-performance liquid chromatography, colorimetry, fluorimetry, molecular imprinted polymer methods, capillary electrophoresis, etc. Hence, this chapter will deal with the electrochemical sensors and biosensors for detecting amino acids and biologically important compounds. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Electrochemical sensors(Elsevier, 2024) Keles, Gulsu; Oktay, Aysel; Aslan, Pakize; Yarman, Aysu; Kurbanoglu, SevincOver the past few years, electroanalytical techniques have become increasingly widespread in the analysis of various component applications. They are noticeable by their distinctive attributes, such as sensitivity, selectivity, rapid response, minimal solution volume requirements, and user-friendliness. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are mentioned in this chapter. Polymers received specific attention and a critical role in the advancement and design of electrochemical sensors. Conducting polymers’ (CPs) polymer backbone chain is characterized by alternating single and double bond configurations, which allow CPs to conduct electricity up to a certain limit, allowing them to possess attractive intrinsic features advantageous in electronic applications. Molecular imprinting, a method that forms specific recognition sites in polymer matrices, is currently extensively utilized in the development of robust sensors in various fields such as industries, diagnostics, and environmental analysis. This chapter describes recent applications and some examples of CPs and molecularly imprinted polymers based sensors. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.