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    Life cycle and characteristic analysis of bismuth doped barium zirconate perovskites: Towards enhanced oxygen mobility with reduced ecotoxicity
    (Elsevier, 2025) Salt, Selin; Koşma, Elvan Burcu; Figen, Halit Eren; Karaismailoğlu Elibol, Meltem
    BaZrO3-based perovskite oxides are promising for electrocatalytic applications due to their high chemical stability and electrical conductivity. In this study, BaZrO3 perovskite was modified by various amounts of bismuth doping, and BaZr(1-x)BixO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) perovskites obtained were characterized physicochemically. The results reveal that by generating oxygen vacancies and increasing oxygen mobility, proven by enhanced oxygen adsorption ability, Bi doping significantly improves the redox ability. Among synthesized perovskites, BaZr(1-x)BixO3 (x = 0.2) demonstrates the highest potential in promising electrocatalytic reactions. Additionally, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of all perovskites reveals that energy consumption during the synthesis is the primary contributor to environmental impacts. However, the results show that the ecological implications for perovskites with doping levels up to x = 0.2 are lower than for samples with higher doping levels.
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    Physicochemical characterization of calcium-doped barium zirconate perovskites for hydrogen-induced systems and their life cycle assessment
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Yılmaz, Enes Emre; Koşma, Elvan Burcu; Figen, Halit Eren; Elibol, Meltem Karaismailoğlu
    BaZrO3 perovskites attract considerable attention in electrocatalytic applications. This study offers a comprehensive overview of synthesizing BaZrO3 perovskite material via the sol-gel method and investigates the impact of Ca-doping on its physicochemical properties. The hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction profiles and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that Ca-doping effectively enhanced the concentration of oxygen vacancies, which makes the material a candidate for hydrogen-induced electrocatalytic applications. Additionally, life cycle analysis results indicate the synthesis of Ba0.6Ca0.4ZrO3 perovskite with the most concentrated oxygen vacancies among synthesized perovskites caused the highest environmental impact, with marine and freshwater ecotoxicity being the primary environmental concern. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC