Yazar "Yilmaz, Levent" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Does pay disclosure in job offers remove gender differences in pay estimations? Evidence from an experiment with students and job seekers in the context of Austria
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2024) Yilmaz, Levent; Brandl, Julia
    Pay disclosure aims at closing the gender pay gap by providing employees especially women with better salary knowledge, yet the effectiveness of employers' practices is little understood. We use a lab-in-the-field experiment where participants estimate the salaries for several common pay statements for job offers which employers use in the context of the legislation in Austria. Our study with management students (n = 385) shows that employer practices offer no solution to the problem of gender differences, except for the practice of salary range. The replication of the experiment with the real job seekers (n = 242) demonstrates that gender differences disappear also for some practices, but not for the practice of mentioning excess payment (or overpay) options, which is common in Austria. This means that legislation addresses the gender gap most effectively when it encourages employers to display the salary range.
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    Gender differences in salary expectations: Evidence from Austria and Turkey
    (Peter Lang AG, 2019) Yilmaz, Levent; Brandl, Julia
    Gender wage gap remained constant over the years. Literature shows that salary expectations correlate positively with actual salary (Major et al. 1984); hence, it may impede gender wage gap. This study analyzes the gender differences in expected salary between two different countries, a western and an eastern country. The data is collected on salary expectations of subjects in Innsbruck, Austria, and in Istanbul, Turkey. The evidence from a questionnaire-based study shows the existence of the gender differences in salary expectations. In line with literature, this study finds that female subjects in Innsbruck expect lower salary than their male counterparts. Surprisingly, female subjects in Istanbul do not expect lower salary, rather they expect higher salaries than their male counterparts. © Peter Lang AG 2019.
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    Non-cognitive skills and labour market performance of immigrants
    (Public Library Science, 2023) Akay, Alpaslan; Yilmaz, Levent
    This paper investigates how non-cognitive skills relate to the relative labour market performance of immigrants. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and the Five-Factor Model of personality as a proxy for the non-cognitive skills, we show that these skills matter for the labour market integration of immigrants in the host country. We use two comparison benchmarks. Compared to an average native, immigrants' non-cognitive skills, e.g., extroversion or emotional stability, can lead to 5-15 percentage points lower lifetime employment probability disadvantage implying a better overall integration. Comparing immigrants and natives with the same type and level of non-cognitive skills suggests that returns of extroversion and openness to experience are higher among immigrants, leading to 3-5 percentage points lower lifetime employment probability disadvantage. These results are robust with respect to self-selection, non-random returns to the home country, stability of personality, and estimators. Our detailed analysis suggests that non-cognitive skills (especially extroversion) are substitutes for the standard human capital measures (e.g., formal education and training) among low educated immigrants, while there is no significant relative return of non-cognitive skills among highly educated immigrants.