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    Diallel Analysis and Selection of Hybrids for Nutritional Phytochemicals in Capsicum Annuum L.
    (Hard, 2024) Chakrabarty, Swapan; Ahamed, Tofayel; Ditta, Allah; Pandey, Saurabh; Cig, Arzu; Soufan, Walid; El Sabagh, Ayman
    Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important functional food due to its main bioactive compound, capsaicin, and other nutritional phytochemicals. However, very few studies have been conducted to develop hybrids with a high content of nutritional phytochemicals. The present study involving six parents was conducted to identify superior hybrids with higher nutritional quality based on combining ability and heterosis following Griffing's diallel Method II Model I. A broad spectrum of genetic variation among the six parents and fifteen F1 hybrids was confirmed by analysis of variance. (H1/D)0.5 value indicated that partial dominance gene action controlled all the traits except capsaicin and total phenolic content. Based on general combining ability (GCA) results, parent P3 (PLP-2s) was the best general combiner for all the traits except K and Na, followed by the parents P6 (BU Capsicum 1), P5 (Morich-8), P4 (Chili Japan) and P1 (Red Chili). Specific combining ability (SCA), along with heterotic response, revealed that the F1 hybrid P3xP6 (PLP-2s x BU Capsicum 1) was the best hybrid, followed by the hybrids P4xP6 (Chili Japan x BU Capsicum 1) and P3xP4 (PLP-2s x Chili Japan), as they exhibited superiority for major nutritional components, such as capsaicin and ascorbic acid. Ultimately, the subsequent selection of the F1 hybrids
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    Identification of significant SNPs for yield-related salt tolerant traits in rice through genome-wide association analysis.
    (Cell Mol Biol, 2025-01-12) Era, Farzana Mustafa; Raihan, Mohammad Sharif; Jahan, Nusrat; Pandey, Saurabh; Alalawy, Adel I; Al-Duais, Mohammed Ali; Alharbi, Basmah M; Alqurashi, Mohammed; Erden, Zeki; Toprak, Çağdaş Can; Islam, A K M Aminul
    Rice salt tolerance is highly anticipated to meet global demand in response to decreasing farmland and soil salinization. Therefore, dissecting the genetic loci controlling salt tolerance in rice for improving productivity is of utmost importance. Here, we evaluated six salt-tolerance-related traits of a biparental mapping population comprising 280 F2 rice individuals (Oryza sativa L.) at the seedling and reproductive stages. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify marker-trait associations under artificially induced salt stress using the 1K RICA chip (Agriplex Genomics, Cedar Avenue, Suite 250, Cleveland, 011444106, USA). We have identified 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) representing eight genomic regions on chromosomes 5, 8, 9, and 10. These were significantly associated with the six salt-tolerance-related traits, no. of tillers per plant (TPP), effective tillers per plant (ETP), spikelet fertility percentage (SFP), field grain number (FGN), grain length breadth ratio (LBR) and thousand-grain weight (TGW).  FGN has two significant SNPs (SNP0758 and SNP0759) on Chromosome 9, whereas SFP on chromosomes 8 and 12 (SNP1127 and SNP0966, respectively). Similarly, for TPP (SNP0796), a significant SNP was detected on chromosome 10, and for ETP (SNP0414) on chromosome 5.  Two significant SNPs were found in chromosome 12 for LBR (SNP0920) and TGW (SNP0976). Based on all loci, we screened 3 possible candidate genes in chromosomes 8, 9, and 12 between the genomic region of SNP0920 and SNP1127 under salt stress. Interestingly, these genes were involved in protein coding, none of which was previously reported as being involved in plant salt tolerance. Further, the genetic relationship between the mapping population and population structure was classified by STRUCTURE v 2.3. Genotypes with ≥ 80% of shared ancestry were explained into two major clusters (I and II), and < 80% of shared ancestry were categorized as admixtures. An unrooted alpha was developed by TASSEL 5.0, dividing the genotypes into three major groups where 97 individuals were in Cluster 1, cluster 2 consisted of 93 individuals, and the remaining Cluster 3 included 90 individuals. A kinship matrix developed from 860 SNPs indicated group formation and more substantial relatedness among the genotypes with a red zone. Our findings provide valuable information for enhancing the understanding of complicated salt tolerance mechanisms in rice seedlings and the identified candidates potentially used for breeding salt-tolerant genotypes.
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    Molecular cloning and characterization of heat-responsive LcOPR1, a gene encoding oxophytodienoic acid reductase in lentil
    (Cellular and Molecular Biology Association, 2024) Abu-Romman, Saeid; Mbarki, Sonia; Al-Momany, Bayan; Skalicky, Milan; Brestic, Marian; Alalawy, Adel I.; Pandey, Saurabh
    Improving crop plants using biotechnological implications is a promising and modern approach compared to traditional methods. High-temperature exposure to the reproductive stage induces flower abortion and declines grain filling performance, leading to smaller grain production and low yield in lentil and other legumes. Thus, cloning effective candidate genes and their implication in temperature stress tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) using biotechnological tools is highly demandable. The 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs) are flavin mononucleotide-dependent oxidoreductases with vital roles in plants. They are members of the old yellow enzyme (OYE) family. These enzymes are involved in the octadecanoid pathway, which contributes to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and is essential in plant stress responses. Lentil is one of the vital legume crops affected by the temperature fluctuations caused by global warming. Therefore, in this study, the LcOPR1 gene was successfully cloned and isolated from lentils using RT-PCR to evaluate its functional responses in lentil under heat stress. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the full-length cDNA of LcOPR1 was 1303 bp, containing an 1134 bp open reading frames (ORFs), encoding 377 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 41.63 and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.61. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the deduced LcOPR1 possesses considerable homology with other plant 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs). Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that LcOPR1 has an evolutionary relationship with other OPRs in different plant species of subgroup I, containing enzymes that are not required for jasmonic acid biosynthesis. The expression analysis of LcOPR1 indicated that this gene is upregulated in response to the heat-stress condition and during recovery in lentil. This study finding might be helpful to plant breeders and biotechnologists in LcOPR1 engineering and/or plant breeding programs in revealing the biological functions of LcOPR1 in lentils and the possibility of enhancing heat stress tolerance by overexpressing LcOPR1 in lentil and other legume plants under high temperature. © 2024 Cellular and Molecular Biology Association. All rights reserved.