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    Synthesis of high aspect ratio WO2 nanostructures
    (Springer, 2016) Coşkun, Selim; Koziol, Krzysztof
    Tungsten oxide (WO2) nanorods and nanowires were prepared by the heat treatment of WO2 nanocrystalline powders in the presence of Ar. Nanocrystalline powders produced by a simple water-assisted route at the room temperature were annealed at different temperatures for different durations, which yielded orthorhombic and monoclinic WO2 crystals. Annealing the powders at 700 degrees C and above resulted in orthorhombic WO2 nanorods/nanowires with an average diameter of 60-70 nm beside the monoclinic WO2 nanocrystalline powders with a diameter of similar to 5 nm. The lengths of the nanorods increased from several 100 nm up to several 10 mu m with increasing temperature while their diameters did not change. With increased length, nanowires became more elastic in nature having a cotton-like fabric. The prepared nanostructures have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction measurements, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. An oriented attachment mechanism leading to root growth from a parent structure was proposed.