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    Nationalities without nationalism? The cultural consequences of metternich's nationality policy
    (Cambridge University Press, 2022) Decker, Philipp
    The Austrian statesman Metternich is widely recognized as a leading actor in European affairs in the first half of the nineteenth century. What has been surprisingly neglected is the long-lasting impact of his nationality policy, which he devised and partly implemented within the context of restoring order after the upheavals of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. The devastation and dislocations caused by two decades of warfare gave rise to a critical historical juncture in which Metternich took the lead to form a counterrevolutionary regime and to pursue what can be termed his empire project. A state modernizer, he devised an intellectually elaborate conservative response to the French Revolution that rested on his distinction between supposedly natural nationalities and artificial nationalism. The resulting idiosyncratic governance of empire fostered a vertical integration of societies-in-the-making through the expansion of state infrastructures, while at the same time determining horizontal fragmentation along provincial and linguistic lines. Metternich's nationality policy helped to create the ideational and institutional foundations of modern nation-building across Central and Southeastern Europe. Its legacy outlasted the monarchy and is reflected in the distinctive culturalist tradition of nationhood in post-Habsburg Central Europe.
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    Turkish nationalism after the 15 July coup attempt: the making of a new political myth
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Aydemir, Suna G.; Decker, Philipp
    The ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) responded to the violent coup attempt of 15 July 2016 with calls for a second 'national war of liberation' and declared a state of emergency that was upheld for 2 years. Drawing on the methodology of the Essex School, Barthes semiology and recent applications of securitization theory, this study investigates the construction of the myth of '15 July'. Through an analysis of educational media, we show how the official narration of '15 July' moved religious signifiers into the center of a distinctively religious-populist version of Turkish nationalism. The findings demonstrate that the political myth of '15 July' is essentially based on a cyclical conception of history and two sub-myths that reflect heroization and demonization: First, the myth of the heroic citizens, who sacrifice their lives for defending freedom of nation and homeland. Second, the myth of the always returning enemy that seeks to enslave and occupy the homeland by using collaborators. Woven together, these narratives produce '15 July' as a cohesive political myth.
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    Varieties of nationalism in the political discourses of Habsburg Austria
    (Wiley, 2023) Decker, Philipp
    Nationalism in the Habsburg Empire is traditionally viewed through an ethnic lens. Despite a growing literature on 'national indifference' that studies nationalism in Habsburg central Europe from a constructivist perspective and advances our knowledge concerning variations in national identifications, the nationalism implied in these works remains largely limited to an exclusionary ethnic type. This reductionist view of central European nationalism mirrors the traditional dichotomy of ethnic 'Eastern' versus civic 'Western' nationalism. In order to avoid this reduction, this article approaches nationalism as a thin-centred ideology and explores varieties of nationalism in Habsburg Austria during the long 19th century. Although certain ideational paths made ethno-nationalism appear, retrospectively, as a quasi-natural feature of central Europe, the findings show that there developed rival discursive traditions of nationalism and competing representations of nation.